Interreg transnational cooperation (or Interreg B) includes 15 different programmers focusing on macro-regional challenges which require an integrated approach. Calls details and projects features are decided under each funding programme.
The InvestEU Fund is a market-based and demand-driven instrument, with a strong emphasis on EU policy priorities. It supports the following 4 Policy Windows:
• Sustainable infrastructure
Financing projects in sustainable energy, digital connectivity, transport, the circular economy, water, waste, other environment infrastructure and more.
• Research, innovation and digitalisation
The mechanism will facilitate a more cost-effective roll-out of renewables across the EU, particularly in areas that have a greater access to natural resources or are better suited for it in terms of geography.
the mechanism links countries that voluntarily pay into the mechanism (contributing countries) with countries that agree to have new projects built on their soil (hosting countries). However, there is no direct link or negotiation between contributing and hosting countries, as is required under other EU cooperation mechanisms.
The Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) supports the development of high-performing, sustainable, and efficiently interconnected trans-European networks in the fields of transport, energy, and digital services.
In addition to grants, the CEF provides financial support to projects through innovative financial instruments such as guarantees and project bonds. These instruments create significant leverage in the use of the EU budget and act as catalysts to attract further funding from the private sector and other public actors.
The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) aims to strengthen economic, social and territorial cohesion in the European Union by correcting imbalances between its regions. In 2021-2027 it will enable investments in a smarter, greener, more connected and more social Europe that is closer to its citizens.
The ERDF will enable investments to make Europe and its regions:
The Cohesion Fund provides support to Member States with a gross national income (GNI) per capita below 90% EU-27 average to strengthen the economic, social and territorial cohesion of the EU. The Cohesion Fund supports investments in the field of environment and trans-European networks in the area if transport infrastructure (TEN-T).
It is also possible to use the CF in the form of financial instruments.